In colloquium, students take Advanced Placement (AP) courses. Like acceleration, colloquium provides advanced material for high school students. Within a cluster group, instruction may include enrichment and extensions, higher-order thinking skills, pretesting and differentiation, compacting, an accelerated pace, and more complexity in content. Clusters are typically used in upper elementary grades. Cluster teachers are specially trained in differentiating for gifted learners. Cluster grouping Ĭluster grouping is the gathering of four to six gifted and talented and/or high achieving students in a single classroom for the entire school day. For example, one study shows that high-IQ individuals who experienced full-grade acceleration earned higher incomes as adults. Research suggests that acceleration might have an impact long after students graduate from high school. Children of IQ 180+ who are retained in the regular classroom are even more seriously at risk and experience severe emotional distress." These accelerated children should be placed together in one class if possible. For example, psychologist Miraca Gross reports: "the majority of these children are socially rejected, isolated, and deeply unhappy. Some advocates have argued that the disadvantages of being retained in a standard mixed-ability classroom are substantially worse than any shortcomings of acceleration. Whole grade skipping is considered rapid acceleration. For the majority of gifted students, acceleration is beneficial both academically and socially. This may result in a small number of children taking classes targeted at older children. In the U.S., many community colleges allow advanced students to enroll with the consent of school officials and the pupil's parents.Īcceleration presents gifted children with academic material from established curricula that is commensurate with their ability and preparedness, and for this reason is a low-cost option from the perspective of the school. Some colleges offer early entrance programs that give gifted younger students the opportunity to attend college early. This type of acceleration is usually based upon achievement testing, rather than IQ. Subject acceleration (also called partial acceleration) is a flexible approach that can advance a student in one subject, such as mathematics or language, without changing other studies, such as history or science. This may take the form of skipping grades or completing the normal curriculum in a shorter-than-normal period of time ("telescoping"). Pupils are advanced to a higher-level class covering material more suited to their abilities and preparedness. Most gifted students benefit from a combination of approaches at different times. 8.1 Appropriateness of forms of gifted educationĪttempts to provide gifted education can be classified in several ways.4.8 Jacob Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act.
1.6 Full-time separate classes or schools.Consequently, even if all programs agreed to include only the top 5% of students in their area, more than just 5% of students would be identified as gifted. However, since students vary in their aptitudes and achievements, a student who is not gifted in one area, such as music, may be considered gifted in another, such as language. The percentage of students selected varies, generally with 10% or fewer being selected for gifted education programs. Most definitions select the students who are the most skilled or talented in a given area, e.g., the students with the most skill or talent in music, language, logical reasoning, or mathematics. There is no standard global definition of what a gifted student is multiple definitions exist. This is done through many different approaches. An acceleration program advances the student through the standard curriculum faster than normal. For example, after the gifted students have completed the normal work in the curriculum, an enrichment program might provide them with additional information about a subject. An enrichment program teaches additional, related material, but keeps the student progressing through the curriculum at the same rate as other students. The main approaches to gifted education are enrichment and acceleration. Gifted education (also known as gifted and talented education ( GATE), talented and gifted programs ( TAG), or G/T education) is a broad group of special practices, procedures, and theories used in the education of children who have been identified as gifted or talented.
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